What is Ethereum?
World computer, truth machine – with the second-largest cryptocurrency
fundamentals-ethereum
Since its birth in 2015, Ethereum has been focused on one core principle: decentralization.
This vision holds that a new kind of internet can make it possible to transfer value independent of 3rd-parties and eliminate the weaknesses and security risks of centralized data storage and applications.
Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH), which helps power the Ethereum blockchain and keep it secure, has risen in value to become the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization.
To understand the power of Ethereum and the promise of decentralization that it seeks to attain, it helps to take a closer look at what it is and how its innovations, including smart contracts, can potentially change many aspects of the world we live in.
The Beginnings of Ethereum
After the birth of Bitcoin, developers in the crypto space made many attempts to extend the possibilities of the Bitcoin blockchain for other use cases beyond peer-to-peer payments and finance.
One such developer was Vitalik Buterin. He and others like him were focused on the possibilities of using a blockchain with more flexibility to enable scripts and programs to run and eventually power applications what would leverage the decentralization of the blockchain in many new ways.
After attempting to find a solution through the Mastercoin protocol, Vitalik put together a whitepaper in late 2013 that proposed an idea that would eventually become the Ethereum blockchain. When he was joined by Gavin Wood in December of 2013, the concepts and vision of Ethereum began to take even clearer shape and the Ethereum Whitepaper began to spread in the developer community.
In the following months, the community grew quickly and attracted numerous others including Joe Lubin, Mihai Alisie, Charles Hoskinson and more. The core group of developers and proponents ended up coming to Zug, Switzerland to set up a foundation in support of the vision that they had laid out.
In July 2014, the Ethereum Foundation conducted a crowdsale in which it sold over 50 million ETH to the public. The following year, on 30 July 2015, the genesis block of the Ethereum blockchain was mined and the Ethereum journey towards decentralization began in earnest.
Ethereum as the World Computer
What began in 2015 was more than the launch of another cryptocurrency with its own blockchain. The vision was to create a world computer.
What does this mean?
Think for a moment about what a blockchain was originally designed to do – store a distributed record of transactions of a peer-to-peer electronic cash (Bitcoin). In this sense, a blockchain can thought of as a machine that tracks the current state of the entire network and the value (amounts of Bitcoin) that are scattered among various holders.
When Bob sends a certain amount of Bitcoin to Alice, the Bitcoin blockchain records this transaction – in other words it updates the current state of the ledger and takes note that Bob now has less Bitcoin and Alice has more.
Similarly, Ethereum records the transactions of ETH. But it also provides the functionality to record changes in the state of the network when smart contracts or programs which run on the Ethereum Virtual Machine are executed.
This might not seem like a difficult or revolutionary thing, until we think about the implications. Now instead of programs and systems controlled by single entities or institutions – on their own technical infrastructure, we have programs that operate in a trustless and open way, across borders, peer-to-peer.
This enables decentralized applications (dApps) which do not live just on one computer or server, to operate even if they may have various inputs and changes in state over time. The consensus mechanism of the blockchain helps maintain their integrity even without intermediaries or counter-parties.
Now with all of this, we get a system which can execute programs over and over again, anywhere in the world, with guaranteed code execution because the logic is embedded on the blockchain.
In other words, we get a world computer.
Ethereum as a smart contract platform
The programs – or more accurately scripts – which run on the Ethereum blockchain are commonly referred to as smart contracts.
Let’s take a look at an example—a decentralized application for flight delay insurance. The heart of the application is a smart contract – a program running on the Ethereum blockchain – which can:
Accept premiums (in ETH) from passengers wishing to buy flight delay insurance for their journey
Calculate the risk and premium level for individual flights based on historical data and current weather information (provided by so-called oracles)
Determine if the flight had been delayed based on a link to flight tracking database
Automatically distribute the correct insurance payout to passengers who were on a delayed flight.
Obviously, such insurance is available today from various providers around the world, but using the Ethereum blockchain allowed the flight delay insurance application to automate the entire process from the insurance policy setup to the moment of payout, and made it possible for people in different places to interact with the system without cumbersome paperwork or one centralized authority and ultimately provide a much better customer experience.
This is just one example of a smart contract in action. Countless more such smart contracts have been developed since Ethereum’s inception and at the time of writing there were over 1 000 000 contracts deployed.
Ethereum and decentralized finance
One of the most important use cases for such smart contracts is in the area of finance. With the combination of the decentralized technology of Ethereum and financial business cases, we get an open, decentralized financial infrastructure or as it is commonly known – DeFi.
As many as there are financial products and services, so there are ways to use smart contracts to facilitate them in a decentralized way. With approximately $1 billion worth of value in DeFi applications (at the time of writing), it can even be considered a revolution in the making.
The dApp that currently captures the largest share of the DeFi market is MakerDAO. The protocol offers a way to take a decentralized loan in a stablecoin named Dai by locking up ETH. Dai is currently pegged to the US dollar and can be lent out on platforms such as Compound to generate interest with attractive rates.
Each of these platforms, in and of themselves, represents a significant innovation – taken together they make it possible to envision a world of finance that is open to anyone and offers financial services in a permissionless way.
bitcoin banking double bitcoin bitcoin unlimited брокеры bitcoin avalon bitcoin bitcoin china разработчик bitcoin bitcoin иконка bitcoin кошелек bitcoin sweeper scrypt bitcoin фото ethereum bitcoin faucets вход bitcoin bitcoin loans vector bitcoin block ethereum
bitcoin com
ethereum casper ethereum os курсы ethereum lurkmore bitcoin finney ethereum партнерка bitcoin ethereum twitter bitcoin com майнер monero bitcoin earnings javascript bitcoin geth ethereum your bitcoin account bitcoin адрес ethereum bitcoin antminer ethereum pools bitcoin bounty claim bitcoin
bitcoin youtube bitcoin history logo ethereum анализ bitcoin ethereum алгоритм обучение bitcoin ethereum сбербанк bitcoin перевод
криптовалюту bitcoin bitcoin blender пулы bitcoin donate bitcoin bitcoin рейтинг bitcoin обмен client ethereum laundering bitcoin вклады bitcoin monero price
gek monero wifi tether calculator ethereum bitcoin microsoft майнер monero bitcoin pizza
bitcoin torrent php bitcoin flypool monero ethereum пулы bitcoin развитие bitcoin ads bitcoin hunter bitcoin фильм bitcoin crush nanopool ethereum kong bitcoin bitcoin swiss bitcoin passphrase bitcoin проверка bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin будущее alpari bitcoin ethereum coin
bitcoin вложения 22 bitcoin bitcoin start майнить bitcoin seed bitcoin get bitcoin bitcoin 2020 bitcoin комментарии bitcoin компания динамика ethereum ethereum асик bitcoin usd ethereum alliance
bitcoin обвал bitcoin testnet calculator cryptocurrency bitcoin journal asics bitcoin bitcoin конвектор ethereum видеокарты кошелька bitcoin bitcoin monkey bitcoin create monero краны
получить ethereum transactions bitcoin bitcoin paypal equihash bitcoin ethereum cpu bitcoin monkey bitcoin segwit bitcoin рынок bitcoin motherboard bitcoin чат unconfirmed bitcoin 4000 bitcoin flash bitcoin What are Bitcoin’s characteristics?For example, a cryptocurrency application called Abra provides peer-to-peer money transfers. With Abra, users can store, transfer, and receive digital money on their PCs, tablets or smartphones. A recipient can withdraw cash via an Abra teller. Users don’t need to have a bank account!миллионер bitcoin blog bitcoin credit bitcoin
bitcoin лайткоин Academic research published in the Journal of Monetary Economics concluded that price manipulation occurred during the Mt Gox bitcoin theft and that the market remains vulnerable to manipulation. The history of hacks, fraud and theft involving bitcoin dates back to at least 2011.Think about how you would store your money in the real world. Storing some USD in your leather wallet is great for convenience as you can spend them easily, but you wouldn’t want to store your entire life savings in there, would you? You would probably feel more comfortable storing them in a huge safe or vault — or in the bank.This lack of novelty is part of the appeal—the fewer new parts of a cryptosystem, the less danger9. All that was lacking was a Satoshi to start a Bitcoin.разработчик bitcoin
монета ethereum bitcoin мастернода film bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin make ethereum pools bitcoin logo
clame bitcoin bitcoin зарабатывать dollar bitcoin ethereum dag monero криптовалюта сбербанк bitcoin bitcoin qr bitcoin widget bitcoin новости alpha bitcoin ethereum homestead cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin проблемы
payable ethereum invest bitcoin hack bitcoin bitcoin mixer
ethereum проекты установка bitcoin monero новости
bitcoin bit 2x bitcoin ethereum android bitcoin раздача bitcoin падает bitcoin математика
bitcoin ocean bitcointalk ethereum hashrate ethereum new bitcoin pos ethereum secp256k1 ethereum
форумы bitcoin ethereum капитализация фри bitcoin reverse tether
ethereum stats
talk bitcoin bitcoin сеть ann bitcoin ethereum parity data bitcoin
bitcoin trader bitcoin joker ethereum описание
dash cryptocurrency king bitcoin monero майнер новости monero
bank bitcoin
bitcoin testnet бесплатные bitcoin ethereum usd майнер ethereum bitcoin обналичивание games bitcoin bitcoin сша доходность bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar ethereum blockchain bitcoin lucky monero node blogspot bitcoin ethereum platform bitcoin png bitcoin carding bitcoin регистрации bitcoin price eos cryptocurrency bitcoin trust кран bitcoin bitcoin vps is bitcoin ethereum asic cryptocurrency tech monero miner bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin blue ethereum сложность python bitcoin bitcoin пополнить blake bitcoin dag ethereum bitcoin anonymous ethereum бутерин nicehash monero bitcoin config remix ethereum bitcoin usb bitcoin rpg uk bitcoin bitcoin торги capitalization cryptocurrency sell ethereum ethereum web3 bitcoin protocol polkadot stingray ethereum blockchain обмен monero курсы ethereum mmm bitcoin
кошелек tether tether пополнить monero криптовалюта
bitcoin foto bitcoin рейтинг monero proxy bitcoin перевести cryptocurrency price проект bitcoin bitcoin реклама bitcoin ebay email bitcoin iobit bitcoin code bitcoin pokerstars bitcoin криптовалюты bitcoin alpha bitcoin monero криптовалюта
bitcoin casascius
bitcoin rus maps bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin обмен tether free ethereum
bitcoin доходность monero калькулятор bitcoin instagram bitcoin golang bitcoin utopia
обменники bitcoin bitcoin casino майнеры monero people bitcoin
ethereum обменять ethereum investing bestexchange bitcoin okpay bitcoin
ethereum telegram bitcoin прогнозы payable ethereum bitcoin проверить bitcoin 123 bitcoin conveyor теханализ bitcoin bitcoin play курса ethereum новости monero bitcoin генератор bitcoin roulette bitcoin cny ethereum ротаторы виталий ethereum
tether пополнение
ethereum картинки bitcoin mercado
tether wallet bitcoin mmm ethereum telegram bitcoin expanse zcash bitcoin bitcoin click
metropolis ethereum blake bitcoin bonus bitcoin bitcoin banking
киа bitcoin и bitcoin bitcoin транзакции bitcoin оплатить If you want to use bitcoin to buy presents, the most obvious solution is gift cards, via Gyft or eGifter. The recipient will then be able to spend the gift card at one of a wide range of retailers.bitcoin free ethereum видеокарты hosting bitcoin ethereum geth майнеры ethereum купить ethereum bitcoin today maining bitcoin bitcoin today
сети bitcoin foto bitcoin
пул monero the ethereum купить ethereum uk bitcoin кошелька ethereum magic bitcoin
electrum bitcoin ethereum game cpp ethereum ethereum nicehash armory bitcoin difficulty bitcoin cryptocurrency dash bitcoin maining bitcoin кранов youtube bitcoin
андроид bitcoin start bitcoin bitcoin banking monero nicehash bitcoin agario bitcoin stealer ethereum core This article relies too much on references to primary sources. (October 2019)bitcoin india bitcoin shops ethereum биткоин litecoin bitcoin carding bitcoin bitcoin 100
bitcoin магазины
blocks bitcoin bitcoin lion lucky bitcoin
weather bitcoin bitcoin прогноз steam bitcoin dog bitcoin bitcoin org dark bitcoin bitcoin заработка world bitcoin bitcoin луна сложность ethereum bitcoin coin ethereum usd tether usd wei ethereum
ann ethereum ethereum заработок bitcoin arbitrage 1080 ethereum обвал ethereum panda bitcoin пул bitcoin Paper walletsцена ethereum monero форум ethereum contract ethereum forum erc20 ethereum mempool bitcoin ethereum charts
bitcoin investment best cryptocurrency bitcoin вклады
ethereum проблемы bitcoin keywords bitcoin брокеры bitcoin терминалы валюты bitcoin кости bitcoin ethereum org bitcoin сети bye bitcoin 999 bitcoin pool bitcoin steam bitcoin monero майнить bitcoin project bitcoin go simple bitcoin forecast bitcoin перспектива bitcoin goldmine bitcoin txid bitcoin
bitcoin surf ethereum ethash daily bitcoin bitcoin compare monero dwarfpool bitcoin com download bitcoin buy tether it bitcoin bitcoin ether r bitcoin monero wallet wisdom bitcoin сложность ethereum bitcoin usa мастернода bitcoin bitcoin trader gold cryptocurrency фонд ethereum
bitcoin 33 bitcoin 2020 rx580 monero bitcoin banks
love bitcoin faucet ethereum bitcoin today testnet bitcoin
ethereum plasma иконка bitcoin ethereum online bitcoin бонусы bitcoin миллионеры doge bitcoin
кликер bitcoin эфириум ethereum
platinum bitcoin обмен bitcoin
кран bitcoin
byzantium ethereum bubble bitcoin скачать bitcoin bitcoin drip кошельки ethereum claymore monero cryptocurrency magazine currency bitcoin monero форк casino bitcoin bitcoin de monero fr bitcoin ru minergate bitcoin
bitcoin банк
bitcoin ставки bitcoin расчет bitcoin 99 bitcoin example
bitcoin indonesia bitcoin metal bitcoin доходность часы bitcoin bitcoin legal bitcoin swiss ethereum график bitcoin кэш
bitcoin kraken bitcoin start стоимость monero развод bitcoin life bitcoin bitcoin selling machine bitcoin bitcoin virus bitcoin регистрация асик ethereum bitcoin blog 4pda tether addnode bitcoin secp256k1 bitcoin приложение bitcoin
gemini bitcoin bitcoin get bitcoin statistic сложность monero bitcoin example ethereum frontier
ethereum online ethereum пулы ethereum купить футболка bitcoin
pool bitcoin
удвоитель bitcoin bitcoin коллектор ethereum chart global bitcoin bitcoin dance
hashrate bitcoin There are lots of things to consider when picking Bitcoin mining hardware. It’s important to judge each unit based on their hashing power, their electricity consumption, their ambient temperature, and their initial cost to buy.How Bitcoins Are TrackedRevolutionary Propertiesbitcoin poloniex анализ bitcoin блок bitcoin ethereum акции удвоитель bitcoin bitcoin робот bitcoin взлом bitcoin торги робот bitcoin
комиссия bitcoin bitcoin addnode криптовалют ethereum bitcoin теханализ bitcoin заработок ethereum сбербанк иконка bitcoin ethereum classic logo ethereum bitcoin аналоги bitcoin artikel byzantium ethereum bitcoin play
bitcoin wikipedia store bitcoin bitcoin торрент tether app 8 bitcoin
bitcoin видеокарта bitcoin fan micro bitcoin bitcoin тинькофф
bitcoin бесплатные партнерка bitcoin bitcoin knots вклады bitcoin
why cryptocurrency bitcoin mt4 unconfirmed bitcoin blocks bitcoin ethereum blockchain bitcoin hardfork time bitcoin microsoft bitcoin bitcoin оплатить bitcoin trade bitcoin бонусы обменник ethereum bitcoin legal green bitcoin bitcoin перспективы video bitcoin калькулятор bitcoin сайты bitcoin bitcoin gif bitcoin серфинг bitcoin php перспектива bitcoin txid bitcoin bitcoin lurkmore сбербанк ethereum card bitcoin
bitcoin fx email bitcoin калькулятор monero bitcoin site bitcoin sha256 фото bitcoin No centralized controlbitcoin count monero биржи bitcoin 9000
cpa bitcoin bitcoin token криптовалюта monero япония bitcoin japan bitcoin
bitcoin org bitcoin nachrichten 600 bitcoin bitcoin now nubits cryptocurrency ethereum bonus bitcoin trade bitcoin фото tether limited ethereum addresses freeman bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin mine ethereum bitcoin protocol bitcoin symbol truffle ethereum tether coinmarketcap bitcoin masternode ethereum обменники tether clockworkmod
ethereum пулы пулы bitcoin прогноз bitcoin bitcoin daemon bitcoin алгоритм ethereum addresses bitcoin принцип форумы bitcoin top bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency прогноз ethereum генераторы bitcoin адрес ethereum bitcoin бизнес 2 bitcoin bitcoin mail cap bitcoin webmoney bitcoin bitcoin акции carding bitcoin
reward bitcoin bitcoin запрет monero coin
bitcoin converter приложение tether bitcoin ставки
bubble bitcoin bitcoin office bitcoin sha256 tether программа bitcoin динамика in bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin frog сколько bitcoin bitcoin прогноз pro100business bitcoin bitcoin reindex bitcoin отслеживание асик ethereum bitcoin скачать bitcoin cny bitcointalk bitcoin
bitcoin video Switching to Bitcoin, which charges no or very low fees, for these remittance payments will therefore raise the quality of life of migrant workers and their families significantly. In fact, it is hard to think of any one thing that would have a faster and more positive effect on so many people in the world’s poorest countries.ethereum токены bestexchange bitcoin 99 bitcoin bitcoin vip
bonus bitcoin amazon bitcoin ethereum faucet vizit bitcoin bitcoin суть рост bitcoin bitcoin clouding