1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
usd bitcoin charts bitcoin bitcoin продам 600 bitcoin
бесплатные bitcoin
ethereum stats
But while no one owns Ethereum, the system that supports this functionality isn’t free. Rather, the network needs 'ether,' a unique piece of code that can be used to pay for the computational resources needed to run an application or program.bitcoin алгоритм etoro bitcoin bitcoin форк 60 bitcoin goldsday bitcoin tails bitcoin сайте bitcoin difficulty monero добыча bitcoin mist ethereum bitcoin symbol bitcoin galaxy bitcoin вебмани bitcoin download bitcoin продам bitcoin make magic bitcoin
bitcoin компания network bitcoin programming bitcoin bitcoin анализ cz bitcoin ethereum прогноз monero пул
elena bitcoin payoneer bitcoin
монет bitcoin new cryptocurrency яндекс bitcoin bitcoin login cryptocurrency price tether майнить You might ask why someone would bother spending the huge sums of money on expensive mining equipment to rent it out to someone else. The reason is simple. They want to guarantee profits on their investment and not have these affected by swings in the price of Bitcoin.bitcoin suisse bitcoin froggy bitcoin сигналы key bitcoin кран bitcoin bitcoin vk testnet ethereum bitcoin кредит monero форум monero usd криптокошельки ethereum логотип bitcoin bitcoin miner bitcoin dynamics bitcoin today bitcoin airbit продать bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin reindex bitcoin сборщик bitcoin pizza bitcoin bitcoin валюты bitcoin balance биржа bitcoin monero pro ethereum supernova bitcoin cny stealer bitcoin market bitcoin фьючерсы bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin gold котировки bitcoin generator bitcoin ethereum asics ethereum перевод bitcoin server kurs bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin sweeper cryptocurrency logo asics bitcoin
tether android bitcoin antminer настройка ethereum майнинг tether primedice bitcoin monero ico bitcoin история запрет bitcoin block bitcoin tether android сигналы bitcoin moto bitcoin bitcoin автомат space bitcoin bitcoin xt bitcoin price bitcoin usd bitcoin money перевод bitcoin майнер bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency etoro bitcoin bittrex bitcoin 1 ethereum genesis bitcoin платформу ethereum xmr monero использование bitcoin loan bitcoin
майнер ethereum bitcoin traffic
logo ethereum ico bitcoin bitcoin ocean 6000 bitcoin bitcoin download moto bitcoin trader bitcoin и bitcoin теханализ bitcoin bitcoin таблица difficulty monero обмен monero bitcoin деньги Each of them will be used as a 'worker' (you can have more than one running on your computer, depending on hardware resources). Once you are done with creating your sub-accounts, add them to your Bitcoin mining software together with the URL of the pool. That’s it – you are ready to mine.okpay bitcoin
сбор bitcoin bitcoin xbt monero новости bitcoin футболка bitcoin python ethereum supernova дешевеет bitcoin amazon bitcoin reward bitcoin кран ethereum bitcoin авито вики bitcoin collector bitcoin bitcoin trading фото bitcoin wired tether bitcoin 99 bitcoin mastercard trade cryptocurrency bitcoin map bitcoin mastercard bitcoin joker компания bitcoin clicks bitcoin
bitcoin registration blender bitcoin обменник bitcoin tether apk bitcoin скрипт кошель bitcoin monero fee reddit cryptocurrency tether программа strategy bitcoin bitcoin игры ethereum stratum stealer bitcoin bitcoin count ann monero bitcoin книга Censorship-resistantbitcoin net ethereum casino bitcoin machine bitcoin balance
doubler bitcoin server bitcoin bcc bitcoin pay bitcoin bitcoin loan статистика ethereum remix ethereum bitcoin convert magic bitcoin ethereum habrahabr bitcoin loans gain bitcoin ethereum node
rinkeby ethereum prune bitcoin бизнес bitcoin rush bitcoin bitcoin prune kaspersky bitcoin bitcoin play multisig bitcoin charts bitcoin bitcoin reindex прогноз bitcoin ethereum dark мерчант bitcoin bitcoin обозначение bitcoin api cryptocurrency calculator обзор bitcoin block ethereum bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin girls tether валюта
monero майнить fun bitcoin miningpoolhub ethereum second bitcoin ethereum описание кредиты bitcoin bitcoin expanse bitcoin перевести txid ethereum bitcoin проблемы bot bitcoin bitcoin get bitcoin ne
ccminer monero blockchain ethereum bitcoin cloud bitcoin футболка 7. Improving Governancebitcoin motherboard monero fr trade cryptocurrency wikileaks bitcoin
collector bitcoin bitcoin passphrase bitcoin paw bitcoin book mempool bitcoin bitcoin доходность bitcoin стратегия lealana bitcoin обменять bitcoin bus bitcoin bitcoin mmm ann monero bitcoin магазин проблемы bitcoin ethereum buy money bitcoin bitcoin avalon tor bitcoin работа bitcoin truffle ethereum mindgate bitcoin bitcoin казино bitcoin investing bitcoin collector адрес ethereum moneybox bitcoin credit bitcoin обменник bitcoin bitcoin goldman ethereum erc20 bitcoin сатоши bitcoin com monero cpuminer ethereum supernova ethereum supernova air bitcoin bitcoin адреса bitcoin blog bitcoin
bitcoin x2 фри bitcoin ethereum txid locate bitcoin bitcoin matrix bitcoin change bitcoin linux
bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin x2 bitcoin пример рост bitcoin ethereum pos abi ethereum coinder bitcoin bitcoin download wikileaks bitcoin bitcoin hub etherium bitcoin coin bitcoin bitcoin mmgp There is likewise political power inside the Bitcoin biological system that accompanies controlling mining power, since that mining power basically gives you a vote in whether to acknowledge changes to the convention.ethereum форк Many marketplaces called 'bitcoin exchanges' allow people to buy or sell bitcoins using different currencies. Coinbase is a leading exchange, along with Bitstamp and Bitfinex. But security can be a concern: bitcoins worth tens of millions of dollars were stolen from Bitfinex when it was hacked in 2016.ethereum supernova bitcoin котировки bitcoin talk rpg bitcoin контракты ethereum bitcoin 4pda view bitcoin Broker Exchangesbitcoin king блог bitcoin playstation bitcoin mercado bitcoin
cz bitcoin prune bitcoin monero github ethereum краны
bitcoin php 16 bitcoin биржа ethereum bitcoin оборот ethereum алгоритм testnet bitcoin cryptocurrency law ethereum картинки
bitcoin lurk best bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные monero logo monero майнер прогноз ethereum monero minergate
bitcoin вебмани bitcoin book yandex bitcoin
ethereum stats ethereum blockchain реклама bitcoin bitcoin ann bitcoin компания fox bitcoin cryptocurrency reddit bitcoin reklama bitcoin 3 The range in value of a bitcoin over the year ending in July 2020.In the history of Bitcoin, there has never been an attack on the block chain that resulted in stolen money from a confirmed output. Neither has there ever been a reported theft resulting directly from a vulnerability in the original Bitcoin client, or a vulnerability in the protocol. Bitcoin is secured by standard cryptographic functions. These functions have been peer reviewed by cryptography experts and are considered unlikely to be breakable in the foreseeable future.bitcoin серфинг So far we have argued that free open source software is the right medium for digital infrastructure, because its processes discourage spurious, ceremonial, expensive, and monotechnic developments. This is accomplished through tried-and-true software-making practices developed by hackers over the last 30 years.lamborghini bitcoin
Ethereum 2.0 is expected to be the final stage in the development of Ethereum (also referred to as Serenity).Despite the transition to Proof of Stake (aka 'ETH 2.0') not having yet started, sufficient details were provided to describe the future architecture of Ethereum. It is also worth noting that ETH 2.0 encapsulates much more than just its new consensus algorithm based on PoS.Based on existing information, Ethereum 2.0 will introduce additional elements such as:reward bitcoin Should you buy cryptocurrency?Who Mines Cryptocurrency?ethereum decred bitcoin bio 🤝куплю ethereum monero сложность bitcoin create магазин bitcoin apk tether
doubler bitcoin виталик ethereum bitcoin community bitcoin foundation ethereum txid
контракты ethereum bitcoin инвестирование bitcoin монета bitcoin терминалы пузырь bitcoin обзор bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin
bitcoin icons
bitcoin withdrawal cryptocurrency index ecopayz bitcoin
iota cryptocurrency download bitcoin bitcoin get tether пополнение
tx bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin
p2pool ethereum
bitcoin playstation ethereum покупка bitcoin hacker bitcoin adress rigname ethereum майнеры monero bitcoin plus инструкция bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin
bitcoin card ethereum обвал ethereum org bitcoin это konvert bitcoin криптовалюта tether ethereum купить monero bitcointalk average bitcoin bitcoin fpga segwit2x bitcoin bitcoin checker купить tether bitcoin symbol казино ethereum byzantium ethereum ubuntu bitcoin
bitcoin froggy bitcoin xl bitcoin команды bitcoin p2p sun bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin
bitcoin динамика bitcoin artikel
bitcoin eu bitcoin reddit china bitcoin bitcoin рынок bitcoin fox ethereum asic cpa bitcoin top bitcoin ethereum forks cryptocurrency nem bitcoin автосерфинг bitcoin payeer matteo monero
bitcoin ethereum bitcoin 1000 goldsday bitcoin bitcoin services капитализация bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin завести картинки bitcoin bitcoin это таблица bitcoin nicehash monero cryptocurrency trading system bitcoin bitcoin reserve проекты bitcoin cranes bitcoin ethereum poloniex ethereum wallet инструкция bitcoin dash cryptocurrency bitcoin film bitcoin calculator bitcoinwisdom ethereum bitcoin get bitcoin auto обналичить bitcoin apple bitcoin tether обменник ethereum картинки заработок ethereum
сложность ethereum bitcoin bow foto bitcoin bitcoin china foto bitcoin карта bitcoin dog bitcoin розыгрыш bitcoin 10 bitcoin
3. Supply Chain ManagementWith that foundation, we can trade.ethereum miner to: the address of the recipient. In a contract-creating transaction, the contract account address does not yet exist, and so an empty value is used.bitcoin пирамиды bitcoin keys javascript bitcoin bitcoin compromised ethereum доходность bitcoin ваучер ethereum краны видеокарты ethereum bitcoin foundation играть bitcoin bitcoin euro bitcoin symbol ethereum install utxo bitcoin cms bitcoin
bitcoin cranes
ethereum russia dorks bitcoin If, over the next 5+ years, Bitcoin’s market capitalization becomes larger and more widely-held, its notable volatility can decrease, like a small-cap growth company emerging into a large-cap blue-chip company.форк ethereum bux bitcoin
bitcoin habr
copay bitcoin ethereum покупка ethereum перспективы king bitcoin mine ethereum bitcoin pizza
прогнозы bitcoin
системе bitcoin bitcoin account nonce bitcoin ethereum course india bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон
download tether bitcoin compare ethereum 4pda coinder bitcoin bitcoin spinner bitcoin работа Bitcoin’s Value Functionкриптовалюту bitcoin
neo bitcoin roulette bitcoin bitcoin foundation ethereum pools bitcoin продам qiwi bitcoin ethereum купить bitcoin scrypt zcash bitcoin таблица bitcoin
